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Asia, Europe, Australia and Nepal Asia and Nepal Nepal - a small landlocked country in south Asia - 0.3% of Asia & 0.03% of the world - the world in itself regarding climate, soil, culture etc - The high mountains in the north: the part of the Great Himalayas - Mt.Everest, the highest peak of the whole world -  Nepal has maintained diplomatic and trade relations with Asian states which include India, China, Japan, Korea, Russia, Thailand, Malaysia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and those in the Arabian peninsula - Many Nepalese are working in Japan, Korea, and the Middle East nations. - an active member of SAARC, a regional organization - involves in international collaborations in the field of education, health, child and women, natural and cultural resources conservation, games and sports, etc. - receives a lot of technical and financial help from the developed nations of Asia. - Japan is our largest donor. Europe and Nepal - shares some common features with Europe - Both

Earthquake * Introduction - shaking and vibrating movement of earth's surface. - vertically or horizontally movement * Vertical Earthquake - shaking or vibrating up and down * Horizontal Earthquake - shaking and vibrating across or parallel to the ground * Hypocentre - The inner point in the earth surface from where the earthquake originates. * Epicentre - The point on the surface of earth just above the hypocentre. * Seismic wave The waves of shaking or vibration that travel in different direction from the epicentre. * Seismographic - Any instrument used to measure intensity or magnitude, speed and direction of earthquake. * Richter Scale - A Scale ranges from 0 to 9 to measure the intensity of earthquake. - named after American seismologist Charles F. Richter. - Earthquake with 7 + Richter scale is destructive. * Volcano - The explosion of lava, magma or molten rock from the centre of the earth. - From crack or weak part of the earth * The recent most destr

तराईका हामी केटाकेटी, गाँउ मै हाम्रो स्कुल छ। भैसी चराउँदै दिन बित्छ, पढ्नु र लेख्नु मन छैन्। सडकमा उड्ने धुलो त, बादल बनि गइ जान्छ। बादलको अक्षर आकाशमा देखेर यो मन तर्सिन्छ। तराईका हामी केटाकेटी, गाँउ मै हाम्रो स्कुल छ। खेलेर हाम्रो दिन बित्छ, पढ्नु र लेख्नु मन छैन्। क्रिकेट खेल्ने मन थियो, बाउले त हात नै भाचदियो। नजिकै भाको स्कुलले पढ भनि तर्सायो। तराईका हामी केटाकेटी, गाँउ मै हाम्रो स्कुल छ। घुमेरै हाम्रो दिन बित्छ, पढ्नु र लेख्नु मन छैन्।

Nationality and Subjects of National Concern National concerns - connected with the present condition of the state - possessed by every independent nation The subjects of the concern of Nepal are as follows: National Integrity - Nepal is an independent, sovereign, democratic, socialism-oriented, impenetrable, secular and inclusive country - Unity in diversity , a common garden of 4 castes and 36 sub-caste - National integrity: the state of being completed and forming wholeness and unity of all the citizens of all the parts of the country -Nepal never became the community of substation Britain - The national heroes like Balabhadra Kunwar, Bhakti Thapa, fought bravely to save the national integrity. Measures to promote national integrity - Fulfilling the rights and judicial demands of people. - Develop legal provision for equal distribution resources and means of the country. - Eradicate all types and forms of negative discrimination based on race, religion, tribes, class,

Women and Indigenous Population Related Rights - More than half of Nepal’s population is represented by women - Women empowerment is impossible without defining women rights first - Nepal Constitution defines the following laws, rights and other factors. 1. Build a cooperative society which is inclusive and involved by all members. 2. End gender inequality. 3. Citizenship obtainable from mother’s name well. 4. No discrimination based on origin, religio caste, gender, disability, etc. 5. Special functions for socially or cultural backwards women, disabled citizens, etc. empower, conserve, or develop the rights. 6. Give women equal rights in hierarchy rights. 7. Give women rights in safe maternal a reproductive health. 8. Violence against women on the basis religious, social and cultural traditions or a physical, mental, sexual, psychological or a other kind of violence to be stopped. Su action is punishable by detention and victi compensation. 9. Involvement of women in eve

The Federal System of Government Country is divide into different autonomous state or provinces Separate government Federal government in centre Three administrative units: Central Government, State Government, Local Bodies Power and authority of Central Government Foreign affairs National monetary policy National security and military management National transportation services Large scale projects Power and authority of provincial/state Government Formulate state law Public security, mobilization police Local development activities Small and medium projects Preserve language, art and culture Note: Federal Government controls all the administrative activities if State Government is inactive. The countries with federal system= 27 Merits of Federal System of Government Maintain close relation between the state and its people Conflict may settle at local level Maximum use of means and resources Balanced population distribution No need to depend on central govern